The tipping point (revisited): 78,000 publications (1)

9/10/18 The tipping point (revisited): 77,000 publications (3) 

See: MicroRNA  (I’m reporting in advance that in less than one month more than 1000 publications have been added)

After the 2018 Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine and in Physics were announced, everyone should expect the Nobel Laureate(s) in Chemistry to continue to link what chemists know to what other Nobel Laureates know about biophysically constrained viral latency and healthy longevity. What do Chemists Know?

What all serious scientists know is tractable from 1964:  Dependence of RNA synthesis in isolated thymus nuclei on glycolysis, oxidative carbohydrate catabolism and a type of “oxidative phosphorylation”

The synthesis of RNA in isolated thymus nuclei is ATP dependent.

See for comparison: MicroRNA Functions in Thymic Biology: Thymic Development and Involution (2018)

During the entire processes of thymus organogenesis, maturation, and involution, gene regulation occurs post-transcriptionally via recently discovered microRNA (miRNA) transcripts. Numerous reports indicate that miRNAs may be involved in the construction of a normal thymic microenvironment, which constitutes a critical component to support T lymphocyte development. MiRNAs are also expressed in thymic stromal cells including thymic epithelial cells (TECs) during maturation and senescence. This review focuses on the function of miRNAs in thymic development and involution. A better understanding of these processes will provide new insights into the regulatory network of TECs and further comprehension of how genes control TECs to maintain the thymic microenvironment during thymus development and aging, thus supporting a normal cellular immune system.

The creation of the sun’s anti-entropic virucidal energy has been linked from epigenetic effects on thymic epithelial cells (TECs) during maturation and senescence to supercoiled DNA, which protects all organized genomes from the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA. When the ATP-dependent synthesis of RNA is greater than the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA, cell type differentiation is biophysically constrained by protein folding chemistry. Virus-driven theft of energy has been linked from negative supercoiling to all pathology.

See also: Structural diversity of supercoiled DNA and the comic relief at:

The comic relief helps to protect the sanity of all serious scientists during the time between announcements that link Nobel Prize winning experimental evidence of top-down causation from physics and chemistry to molecular epigenetics and all energy-dependent biodiversity on Earth via energy-dependent changes in base pairs and alternative splicings of microRNAs/pre-mRNAs.

See: From Fertilization to Adult Sexual Behavior (1996)

Small intranuclear proteins also participate in generating alternative splicing techniques of pre-mRNA and, by this mechanism, contribute to sexual differentiation in at least two species, Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans (Adler and Hajduk, 1994; de Bono, Zarkower, and Hodgkin, 1995; Ge, Zuo, and Manley, 1991; Green, 1991; Parkhurst and Meneely, 1994; Wilkins, 1995; Wolfner, 1988). That similar proteins perform functions in humans suggests the possibility that some human sex differences may arise from alternative splicings of otherwise identical genes.

For an example of insanity, see: Tomio Aalto plagiarized my life’s work in this representation of top-down causation on his blog site. It was posted on October 1, 2018.

Enormous protein diversity results from alternative splicing – Not from random mutations

If all combinations were used, the cell is able to produce 38,016 different protein isoforms by editing and manipulating pre-mRNAs…

So far as I know, Tomio Aalto has never cited my published works or any of my presentations. He has also failed to link the creation of sunlight from microRNA biogenesis to biophysically constrained viral latency and all biodiversity via the physiology of reproduction.

For all intents and purposes he is a thief and his theft of my intellectual property has contributed to the unnecessary suffering and premature deaths of those who might otherwise have benefited from learning more than people like Tomio Aalto can teach them about light-activated microRNA biogenesis and all biodiversity.

See: Link opens pdf

Abstract: RNA splicing, the process where mRNA exons are ligated together after the introns are cut out, is required for the production of mature mRNA. Exons are the regions of mRNA that are translated into protein, and introns are noncoding regions. Alternative splicing, the process where different combinations of exons can be ligated together to generate many mRNAs from one gene, accounts for protein diversity and affects over 90 percent of human genes. Alternative splicing regulation is important because many diseases can arise if it occurs improperly. A molecular machine called the spliceosome performs RNA splicing to ligate exons, and hnRNP F (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein) influences the spliceosome’s alternative splicing decisions. hnRNP F binds to guanine-(G) rich sequences in mRNA targets, resulting in their alternative splicing. Modeling shows a ‘cage’ formed around three G residues, which explains why hnRNP F binds G-rich sequences. Using 3D printing technology, the Valders SMART team (Students Modeling A Research Topic) modeled hnRNP F binding via arginine 116, phenylalanine 120, and tyrosine 180. Research suggests that too much hnRNP H, a close homologue of hnRNP F, plays a role in promoting brain cancer. Understanding how hnRNP F binds G-rich RNA to cause alternative splicing may lead to the development of therapies for genetic diseases.