behavior, development, morphology, phenotypic plasticity
A nucleus-like compartment shields bacteriophage DNA from CRISPR-Cas and restriction nucleases
All viruses require strategies to inhibit or evade the immunity pathways of cells they infect.
…the Achilles heel for this phage is the mRNA…
The quantized energy-dependent creation of the microRNA/messsenger RNA (mRNA) balance links base pair changes to amino acid substitutions and to increased virulence of viruses or to ecological adaptation of the host.
See for example: Substitutions Near the Receptor Binding Site Determine Major Antigenic Change During Influenza Virus Evolution
Editor’s summary:
Five antigenic sites in the virus surface hemagglutinin protein, which together comprise 131 amino acid positions, are thought to determine the full scope of antigenic drift of influenza A virus. Koel et al. (p. 976) show that major antigenic change can be caused by single amino acid substitutions.
The major antigenic changes in all viruses are typically not linked to the evolution of the virus or to virus-driven pathology. The food energy-dependent physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction links what organisms eat from biophysically constrained viral latency to ecological adaptations in species from microbes to humans.
…different molar eruption stages during development among a cohort of 221 specimens of Homo sapiens, Gorilla gorilla, Pan troglodytes, and Pan paniscus.
See also: Dobzhansky (1973) Nothing in Biology Makes Any Sense Except in the Light of Evolution
… the so-called alpha chains of hemoglobin have identical sequences of amino acids in man and the chimpanzee, but they differ in a single amino acid (out of 141) in the gorilla.
Natural selection for energy-dependent codon optimality links what organisms eat from the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction to biophysically constrained viral latency and all biodiversity via fixation of amino acid substitutions that differentiate all cell types in all individuals of all species. Virus-driven energy theft links the degradation of mRNA to all pathology.
Nothing else makes sense to serious scientists.
For an example of pseudoscientific nonsense, see: Deep in the fly brain, a clue to how evolution changes minds
D. melanogaster females produce a specific pheromone that acts as a powerful aphrodisiac and drives males to mate. Curiously, D. simulans males respond strongly to the same pheromone, but for them it is a powerful turnoff, stopping them from courting females of the wrong species.
Re: Evolution changes minds
Ecological variation caused the food energy-dependent ecological adaptation in the two species of flies via the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction. Only biologically uninformed science idiots report examples of sympatric speciation as Evolution changes minds.
See for comparison: Metabolism and Organelles Unveiled with Nanolive’s 3D Label-free Live Cell Imaging Microscope
To better appreciate the facts about quantized energy-dependent biophysically constrained cell type differentiation compare what is known to what others claim is not known in the context of brain mapping and consciousness.
See this pseudoscientific nonsense about The prehistoric peopling of Southeast Asia, which presumably included people with minds that evolution somehow changed.
Reported as: Ancient DNA testing solves 100-year-old controversy in Southeast Asian prehistory
The human occupation history of Southeast Asia remains heavily debated. Our research spanned from the Hòabìnhian to the Iron Age and found that present-day Southeast Asian populations derive ancestry from at least four ancient populations. This is a far more complex model than previously thought.
The complexity of the model links one quantized energy-dependent base pair change and the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction in flies to fixation of one RNA-mediated amino acid substitution in human populations.
The frequency of the human-specific EDAR V370A allele appears to be uniquely elevated in North and East Asian and New World populations due to a bout of positive selection…
See also: Nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological adaptations: from atoms to ecosystems (2014)
Published in 2018 as: Nutrient-dependent Pheromone-Controlled Ecological Adaptations: From Angstroms to Ecosystems
I linked the human-specific EDAR V370A allele from the mouse model of nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological adaptation to the ecological adaptations in humans.
See also: Energy as information and constrained endogenous RNA interference
See also: RNA-Guided Human Genome Engineering
Biologically uninformed science idiots let George Church et al. (2015) patent the naturally occurring process detailed in Feedback loops link odor and pheromone signaling with reproduction (2005) and detailed for a general audience in The Scent of Eros: Mysteries of Odor in Human Sexuality (1995/2002)
See for comparison: Deep learning sequence-based ab initio prediction of variant effects on expression and disease risk
Reported as: AI accurately predicts effects of genetic mutations in biological dark matter July 16, 2018
“Evolution has already done the experiments for us,” Zhou says.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is as big a failure as neo-Darwinian evolution and Big Bang cosmology.
Levels of biological organization link what organisms eat to the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction and all levels of niche construction, including socio-cognitive niche construction via feedback loops. There’s a model for that!
Nutrient-dependent/pheromone-controlled adaptive evolution: a model
This model details how chemical ecology drives adaptive evolution via: (1) ecological niche construction, (2) social niche construction, (3) neurogenic niche construction, and (4) socio-cognitive niche construction. This model exemplifies the epigenetic effects of olfactory/pheromonal conditioning, which alters genetically predisposed, nutrient-dependent, hormone-driven mammalian behavior and choices for pheromones that control reproduction via their effects on luteinizing hormone (LH) and systems biology.
See for comparison, this example of human idiocy. (Your body is made of biophysically constrained quantized energy.) The quantized energy comes from the food you eat and the pheromones you produce biophysically constrain food energy-dependent sympatric speciation.
James V. Kohl detailedl how quantized energy-dependent microRNA biogenesis links the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction to biophysically constrained viral latency and healthy longevity. Links from what organisms eat to the enzyme-dependent metabolism of food also link metabolic networks to microRNA-mediated genetic networks in the context of RNA interference. Drug therapies alter RNA interference by altering cell type differentiation in all cells of all individuals of all species. For comparison, during the past 26 years, Kohl has detailed how the chemistry of protein folding is biophysically constrained at every level of biological organization by conserved molecular mechanisms.